![]() A constellation of individual, social and cultural factors that contribute to psychological distress in informal settings have been highlighted and include trauma, violence, community insecurity, and healthcare barriers. Due to unfavourable conditions of unstable income sources, high dependence on daily casual jobs, and threatened livelihoods and food security, slum dwellers may be at elevated risk of experiencing mental health challenges. Most informal settlements comprise an assortment of individuals (e.g., low-income earners, asylum seekers, refugees), who are at high risk of mental health problems due to multiple stressors and this may be further aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Slum dwellers usually have poor physical and economic access to health care including mental health care. ![]() Low-resourced settings such as slum residences comprise informal dwelling units which are poorly constructed, crowded with poor sanitary conditions and environmental pollution. It was projected that these effects would be most severe in low-resourced settings due to constraints related to weak health systems with limited access to mental health services. The uncertainties and unpredictable nature of the pandemic resulted in individuals experiencing various forms of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, psychosocial dysfunction, dissociation disorders, substance abuse, and insomnia. By February 2023, there have been more than 750 million cases and 6.8 million deaths. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic and has since caused detrimental effects on people’s health and well-being globally. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file.įunding: This work was supported by Makerere University School of Public Health under the Small Grants Programme (MakSPH-GRCB/18-19/01/02 to STW). Received: DecemAccepted: ApPublished: May 4, 2023Ĭopyright: © 2023 Wafula et al. ![]() ![]() PLoS ONE 18(5):Įditor: Seth Kwabena Amponsah, University of Ghana Medical Centre, GHANA Citation: Wafula ST, Ninsiima LL, Mendoza H, Ssempebwa JC, Walter F, Musoke D (2023) Association between recent COVID-19 diagnosis, depression and anxiety symptoms among slum residents in Kampala, Uganda. ![]()
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